Maize Fertilization: Maximizing Yield with Optimal NPK Nutrient Management

Understanding the nutritional needs of maize

In the quest for agricultural excellence, the role of nutrition in maize cultivation cannot be overstated. A well-fertilised maize crop is the cornerstone of not just a bountiful harvest, but also the sustainability and efficiency of modern farming practices. Understanding the delicate balance of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium – the pivotal macronutrients in maize fertilisation – is crucial for farmers seeking to maximise their yield while minimising their environmental impact.

Maize consumes a significant amount of nutrients, and requires good fertility management to get the top performance from your seed. 

There are several key mineral elements that play an important role when growing maize. By applying an optimum supply of fertiliser and nutrients, you can help your MAS Seeds maize hybrids to achieve their full yield potential. 

Nitrogen (N) – Driving growth

Nitrogen supply is the main limiting factor for maize production. Traditionally, the maize growth period aligns with the optimal period for organic matter mineralisation. This is particularly true if water is not a limiting factor. 

It is strongly recommended that nitrogen be applied in stages, as maize crop absorbs practically no nitrogen during the first month of growth. Between 20 and 50 units should be given at the sowing stage, with the rest added at the seven-leaf or eight-leaf stage. The maize must have a sufficient quantity of N once it reaches the eight-leaf stage.  

Nitrogen formula

The maize growth period aligns with the optimal period for organic matter mineralisation, particularly if water is not a limiting factor.

To achieve your targeted potential yields, you’ll need to know your soil types and test your soil to find the available N reserves. Here are some guidelines.

Soil benchmarking and fertiliser application

Nitrogen needs, based on target yields

Some benchmarks: estimate of nitrogen doses to be applied to grain maize (in situations where no organic input is available)

Nitrogen rates per dose	Target yield 80 q/ha	Target yield 100 q/ha
Poor soil < 1.5% OM	130 – 180 U/ha	170 – 190 U/ha
Moderately fertile soil with >2% and <5% OM	110 – 130 U/ha	150 – 170 U/ha
Fertile soil rich with >5% OM	80 – 100 U/ha	100 – 120 U/ha

Grain maize	Nitrogen needs (kg/q)
< 100 q/ha	2.2
> 100 q/ha	2

Nitrogen fertiliser application

Ammonium nitrate

---

Urea

---

Anhydrous ammonia

---

UAN

---

Phosphorus (P) for root development and energy transfer

Phosphorus is crucial for maize, facilitating vital functions ranging from root development to energy transfer. It ensures a robust root system and efficient nutrient uptake, directly influencing yields and crop resilience. However, precision is key. Proper phosphorus levels, which are determined by soil analyses, prevent environmental impact and promote sustainable growth. Balancing this nutrient is not just good practice – it’s a cornerstone of successful maize farming.

Potassium (K) – Enhancing quality

Potassium is the unsung hero of maize cultivation, as it is integral for enhancing the quality of crops. It regulates water uptake and defends against diseases, directly impacting the plant’s stress tolerance and overall health. With judicious potassium management, farmers can elevate their maize crop’s robustness, ensuring a quality yield. It’s the nutrient that fortifies maize against the elements, making it a staple in precision agriculture.

Maize crops use a small amount of the phosphorous and potassium (potassic) fertilisers, with these being applied during the growing season. Phosphorous (P) use is 0.6 kg P205/q of grain and the potash (K) uptake is 0.5 kg K20/q of grain.

Benchmarks phosphorus and potassium requirements

Grain maize	Phosphorus (P) fertilisation	Phosphorus (P) fertilisation	Potassium (K) fertilisation	Potassium (K) fertilisation
Target yield	80 q/ha	110 q/ha	80 q/ha	110 q/ha
Well-supplied soil	50 – 55 U	40 – 85 U	20 – 45 U	40 – 65 U
Normally supplied soil without input of manure	45 – 55 U	80 – 90 U	45 – 55 U	70 – 80 U

The future of farming

As we turn the page on traditional, one-size-fits-all fertilisation programmes, we are embracing a more enlightened approach to maize nutrition, one that is tailored, responsive and informed by the latest developments in agronomic science. The future of farming calls for a greater respect for our natural resources and a commitment to the stewardship that begins with the seeds we sow and ends with the crops we harvest.

Embrace the insights shared here, and let them guide you to make informed fertilisation choices that will yield abundant harvests and sustain our precious agricultural landscapes for generations to come. Remember, the most fruitful yields are reaped when knowledge and nature work in tandem.